Independent predictors for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in patients with treatment-naïve chronic hepatitis B

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: There are limited data on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in chronic hepatitis B virus infection. We aimed to determine the predictors for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in patients with treatment-naïve chronic hepatitis B virus infection. METHODS: All consecutive treatment-naïve patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection at the Haseki Training and Research Hospital between October 1, 2021, and September 31, 2022, were retrospectively enrolled. Chronic hepatitis B virus infection is defined by positive serum hepatitis B surface antigen for 6 months or more. Patients with significant alcohol consumption, prolonged steatogenic drug use, malignancy, monogenic hereditary disorders, patients co-infected with hepatitis D virus, hepatitis C virus infection, or human immunodeficiency virus were excluded. Demographic characteristics, anthropometric determinants, laboratory findings, and virological parameters were retrospectively collected from patients' charts and electronic medical records. RESULTS: A total of 457 patients with treatment-naïve chronic hepatitis B virus infection were included in the study. The three multivariate regression models revealed that age (p<0.028), body mass index (p=0.046), diabetes mellitus (p=0.030), hemoglobin (p=0.008), platelet (p=0.012), and triglyceride (p=0.002) in Model 1; body mass index (p=0.033), diabetes mellitus (p<0.001), hemoglobin (p=0.008), platelet (p=0.004), LDL (p=0.023), and HDL (p=0.020) in Model 2; and age (p<0.001), body mass index (p=0.033), hemoglobin (p=0.004), platelet (p=0.004), and HDL (p=0.007) in Model 3 were independent predictors. CONCLUSION: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease was observed in about one-third of patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection and was positively associated with older age, higher body mass index, presence of comorbid conditions including diabetes mellitus, increased levels of metabolic laboratory parameters, especially serum triglyceride and LDL, and decreased HDL.

EFFECTIVENESS OF EARLY CARE TUTORING ON QUALITY OF LIFE, LIFESTYLE BEHAVIORS AND BIO PHYSIOLOGICAL OUTCOME AMONG OBESE ADOLESCENTS AND KNOWLEDGE ON OBESITY MANAGEMENT AMONG MOTHERS AT SELECTED SCHOOLS IN CHENNAI.

Background: The rising prevalence of adolescent obesity is associated with an increase in co-morbidities and Up to 4 three-fourth of children with overweight/obesity remain so in adulthood. . Objectives: 1.To assess and compare the level of Quality Of Life, Life Style Behaviors and Biophysiological Outcome among obese adolescents between experimental and control group. 2. To assess and compare the level of knowledge among obese adolescent's mothers between experimental and control group. 3. To assess the Effectiveness of Early Care Tutoring on Quality Of Life, Life Style Behaviors and Biophysiological Outcome among obese adolescents between experimental and control group. 4. To assess the Effectiveness of Early Care Tutoring on the level of knowledge among obese adolescent's mothers between experimental and control group. 5. To correlate the Mean differed score of Quality Of Life, Life Style Behaviors and Biophysiological Outcome among obese adolescents in experimental and control group. Methodology: A quasi experimental research design was adopted. After screening a total 20 elderly people, 10 for each experimental and control group were selected were selected by using non probability purposive sampling technique in a selected Schools. The pre test data was collected through the structured and modified tools for Quality of Life (QOL), Lifestyle behavoirs and Biophysiological out comes was given for a period of 4 weeks and post test was conducted. Collected data were analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics. Majority of the Results: adolsecents aged 14,female, first child of the family. Socioeconomical staus was upper class. All of them were residing in urban . distance from school was <1kn and using either bi-cycle or bike.The present study showed that there was an improvement between pre test and post test 2 and 3 in QOL and Lifestyle behaviors. Only BMI showed significance in post test 2 and 3, other anthropometrics were not significant. There was a correlation between QOL and LSB & QOL and BMI. Early care tutoring packages had a strong impact on adolescents' QOL, LSB and Biophysiologicaloutcomes. The overall statistically significant difference Conclusion: in the level Early Care Tutoring was effective and found to be significant in modifying the Quality of Life, Life style Behavior and biophysiological outcome among Obese Adolescents

Correlation of Body Mass Index and age with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) in elderly of Guwahati City, Assam

Introduction: Obesity is on rise globally and may have a impact on cognition. Very limited research was done on the association of weight with neurocognition among the elderly. The study purpose was to determine the correlation between BMI and age with MCI and after stratifying for BMI and socio-demographic characteristics.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 576 elderly (≥60 years) in Guwahati city using a multi-stage sampling technique. Hindi Mini-Mental State Examination (HMMSE) tool was used for screening for dementia and MCI. Results: HMMSE scores were not significantly correlated with BMI (r =0.07). However, when strati-fied, a significantly negative correlation of BMI with HMMSE scores was seen for illiterates (r =-0.21), primary school education (r =-0.48) and unskilled workers (r =-0.49). There was a significant negative correlation between age and cognition for elderly belonging to OBC, (r =-0.21), Lower middle (III), (r =-0.39), Upper Lower (r =-0.17), Lower (V), (r =-0.26), Graduate, Post Graduate,(r = -0.23), Middle School, (r =-0.36), Illiterate, (r =-0.34), Clerical, (r =-0.60), Semi Professional, (r =-0.62), skilled worker (r=-0.68), Unemployed, (r =-0.15) and Obese, (r =-0.30). Conclusion: Various factors like age, category, socioeconomic status, and Body Mass Index (BMI) were found to be predictors of cognition among the elderly.

Comparative Study on Early Postoperative Outcome between Linear Cutting Stapling Device Gastro-Jejunostomy &Amp; Traditional Hand Sewn Gastro-Jejunostomy for Gastric Cancer

Background: Gastric cancer (GC) is a heterogeneous, multifactorial disease. It endangers human physical and psychosocial wellbeing, causing a significant public health and economic burden in developed and developing countries. To compare the early postoperative outcome between linear cutting stapling device gastro-jejunostomy & traditional hand sewn gastro-jejunostomy for gastric cancer. Material & Methods: The study was a Prospective observational study which was conducted in Department of Surgery, Dhaka Medical college & Hospital, over Six months period after approval of protocol using a semi-structured questionnaire through face to face interview. Data were analysed using a computer programme SPSS 24.0 version. Results: Total 40 patients were enrolled in this study among them 20 patients underwent traditional hand sewn gastro-jejunostomy (Group-A) and 20 patients underwent Linear Cutting Stapling Device gastro-jejunostomy (Group-B). The mean age of the total participants was 57.45±7.04 years where in Group A mean age was 57.30±7.14 years and in Group B mean age was 57.60±6.83 years. The overall mean BMI of the patients was 21.94±1.61 kg/m2. Among all the respondents 25% had comorbidity. Operation time and time for anastomosis were significantly higher in Group A than Group B but no significant difference was found in relation to hospital stay and post-operative blood loss. About 15% had Anastomotic hemorrhage, 10% had Anastomotic leak, 5% had Intra-abdominal abscess and 5% had bowel obstruction in Group A beside 5% had Anastomotic hemorrhage, 5% had Anastomotic leak and 5% had SSI in Group B. Among all 10% needed blood transfusion in Group A and 5% needed blood transfusion in Group B. No significant difference has been found with post-operative complications between both groups. Conclusion: Observed advantages of Linear Cutting Stapling Device Gastro-Jejunostomy in this study were the significantly reduced operation time and anastomosis time.

Relationship of Serum Lipid Profile and Blood Pressure with Body Mass Index (BMI)

Background: Obesity and overweight is a disorder of unusually increased body fat generally resulting from increased energy intake relative to energy expenditure and is a primary sustenance-related disorder globally. The extensive increase in its prevalence in current years and its association with reduced life expectancy has made obesity one of the most vital public health problems. The purpose of the study was to determine the relationship between serum lipid profile and blood pressure with body mass index (BMI). Material & Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Rangpur Medical College, Rangpur from January 2013 to December 2013. A purposive sampling technique was followed. A total number of 90 people from 18 to 45 years old were included in the study, categorized into three groups, such as Group-A:(Control 30): Healthy subject of normal weight, Group-B:(Experimental 30): Healthy subject of overweight & Group-C(Experimental-30): Healthy subjects of obese. Verbal consent was taken before recruiting the study population. Completed data forms were reviewed, edited, and processed for computer data entry. The data analysis was performed using the “t” test, “r” test & Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 25.0. Results: In group A, the mean BMI of patients was 18.5-22.9, in group B mean BMI of patients was 23.0-24.9, and in group C, the mean BMI of people was 25.0 or greater. The mean ± SD serum LDL-C levels were 107.77 ± 26.720 mg/dl in group A and 134.70 ± 41.787 mg/dl in group B. There was a significant difference (p<0.001) between the two groups. The mean ± SD pulse pressure levels were 38 ± 6.644 mmHg in group A and 41.67 ± 11.167 mmHg in group B. There was no significant difference (p>0.05) between the two groups. Serum total cholesterol levels were positively correlated in groups A & B but the relationship of serum total cholesterol levels was statistically significant in groups A and B. Blood pressure levels were positively correlated in groups A &C but the relationship was statistically non-significant. Conclusion: In this current content, it is difficult to define the specific mechanism involved for significantly higher serum total cholesterol, serum triglyceride, and serum LDL-C levels and non-significantly lesser serum HDL-C levels in overweight & obese people and also non-significantly higher blood pressure in overweight people but significantly higher blood pressure in obese subjects.

Nivel de conocimiento sobre nutrición y su asociación con las prácticas alimentarias y la obesidad entre estudiantes universitarios

Introducción: La literatura sobre el impacto de la educación alimentaria y nutricional de estudiantes universitarios en las prácticas alimentarias es heterogénea. Estudios han informado de que la educación alimentaria y nutricional puede cambiar los hábitos alimentarios y las elecciones alimentarias mientras que otros no encontraron asociación. Objetivo: Determinar la relación entre el conocimiento nutricional, las prácticas alimentarias y la obesidad en estudiantes universitarios nicaragüenses. Métodos: Estudio de corte transversal analítico que utilizó una muestra de 914 estudiantes universitarios de la ciudad de León en Nicaragua. Se midió el índice de masa corporal a través del peso y la estatura y el nivel de conocimiento nutricional. Las prácticas alimentarias fueron medidas con cuestionarios validados con moderadas modificaciones en base al contexto del país. Los datos fueron analizados mediante ANOVA de una vía, chi-cuadrado, prueba t de Student y regresión lineal. Resultados: Se encontró un bajo nivel de conocimiento nutricional y alta prevalencia de exceso de peso. El conocimiento nutricional de los estudiantes universitarios está asociado positivamente con las prácticas alimentarias. Sin embargo, aunque se tenga un máximo de conocimiento no significa un puntaje máximo de diversidad alimentaria. Asimismo, se reportó que las mujeres tienen una diversidad alimentaria ligeramente mayor a los hombres, pero mayor es la diversidad en el grupo que realizan actividad física y aquellos que tienen bajo peso. Por su parte, el conocimiento nutricional está asociado negativamente con el sobrepeso y la obesidad. Conclusión: se comprueba la hipótesis del impacto positivo del conocimiento nutricional en las prácticas alimentarias y la obesidad.

Background: The literature on the impact of food and nutrition education of university students on eating practices is heterogeneous. Studies have revealed that food and nutrition education can change eating habits and choices while others found no association. Objective: Determine the relationship between nutrition knowledge, eating practices, and obesity in Nicaraguan university students. Methods: Analytical cross-sectional study using a sample of 914 university students from the city of León in Nicaragua. The Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated considering both values of weight and height, and the level of nutrition knowledge and eating practices were measured with validated questionnaires with moderate modifications based on the country context. The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, Chi-Square, Student's T-test, and linear regression. Results: A low level of nutrition knowledge and a high prevalence of overweight were found. The nutrition knowledge of university students is positively associated with eating practices. However, even if there is a high degree of nutrition knowledge, it does not mean there is a high dietary diversity score (DDS). Similarly, it was revealed that women have slightly greater dietary diversity scores than men, but greater dietary diversity scores in the group that performs physical activity and those who are underweight. On the other hand, nutrition knowledge is negatively associated with overweight and obesity. Conclusion: the hypothesis of the positive impact of nutrition knowledge on eating practices and obesity is tested.

Parental body mass index and maternal gestational weight gain associations with offspring body composition in young women from the Nutritionists' Health Study

ABSTRACT Objective: Intrauterine environment can induce fetal metabolic programming that predisposes to adiposity-related chronic diseases in its lifespan. We examined the associations of parental nutritional status and gestational weight gain with offspring body composition in early adulthood. Materials and methods: This is cross-sectional analysis of female participants of the NutriHS who were submitted to questionnaires, clinical examinations and body composition assessed by DXA. Association of pre-conception parental BMI and maternal gestational weight gain (exposures) with body composition measurements (outcomes) were analyzed using multiple linear models adjusted for Directed Acyclic Graphs-based covariables (maternal and paternal educational level, maternal age, and tobacco, alcohol and/or drugs use). The sample included 124 women (median 28 (24-31) years) with a mean BMI of 25.4 ± 4.7 kg/m2. Results: No association between previous paternal BMI and offspring's body composition was detected. In the fully adjusted linear regression model, maternal BMI was associated with offspring's total lean mass (β = 0.66, p = 0.001), appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ASMI) (β = 0.11, p = 0.003) and fat mass index (FMI) (β = 0.03, p = 0.039). Gestational weight gain was associated with increased offspring's BMI (OR 1.12 [95% CI 1.02-1.20], p = 0.01). The linear regression model adjusted for maternal age and maternal and paternal education levels showed associations of gestational weight gain with offspring's ASMI (β = 0.42, p = 0.046), FMI (β = 0.22, p = 0.005) and android-to-gynoid fat ratio (β = 0.09, p = 0.035). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that preconception maternal BMI could influence lean mass and general adiposity of young adult female offspring and that gestational weight gain could be useful for predicting centrally distributed adiposity.

EVALUATION OF FEMALE SEXUAL DYSFUNCTION IN THE DIABETIC WOMEN IN A TERTIARY CARE MEDICAL COLLEGE AND HOSPITAL IN EASTERN INDIA

Background: In women, the evidences regarding the association between diabetes and sexual dysfunction are less conclusive as compared to males. Diabetes-induced vascular and nerve dysfunctions may impair the sexual response by producing structural and functional changes in the female genitalia. The present study is significant in this regard that it has been conducted among individuals hailing from urban, suburban and rural areas of the state of West Bengal making questionnaires in vernacular languages to reach maximum number of individuals possible. The data obtained was analysed statistically to derive conclusions. In this cross- Methods: sectional 100 female patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus attending the diabetes clinic in Endocrine OPD of Medical College and Hospital Kolkata were screened and included as the study population. Sexual dysfunctions in women was measured here using the standard questionnaire and the FSFI score <24 was taken as the criteria for accepting the presence of sexual dysfunction. The FSD score was compared against parameters like age, duration of diabetes, Body mass index (BMI), blood sugar (glycemic status) fasting and post-prandial , diabetes-related complications and addiction and prevalence was calculated. Prevalence of se Results : xual dysfunction in the study population is 51% showing association between diabetes and female sexual dysfunction.The prevalence of FSD was found to be maximum (75%) in the age group 41- 50years. Strong association of FSD with age is found as p-value is 0.002. the prevalence of FSD was maximum (92.31%) in the participants whose Duration of diabetes more than equal to 11 years. Very Strong association of FSD with Duration of diabetes is found as p-value < 0.001. The prevalence of FSD was found to be maximum (94.74%) in the group (19% of the study population) who are on insulin. Extremely strong association of FSD with insulin usage is found as p-value is 0.000. The prevalence of FSD was found to be maximum (71.43%) in the group (42% of the study population) who do not have controlled ppbg (>180 mg/dl). Quite strong association of FSD with ppbg control is found as p-value is 0.001. The prevalence of FSD was found to be maximum (72.5%) in the participants who were overweight.11% of the population is obese and in them prevalence of FSD is 63.64. Very strong association of FSD with BMI of the participant is found as p-value is 0.000.Major association of FSD was seen absent with addiction, OHA intake, micro and macrovascular compications in the patients. Of all the six domains evaluated to reach FSFI score, majority of the patients had decreased desire. Prevalence Conclusion: of sexual dysfunction in the study population is 51%. Longer duration of diabetes, inadequate diabetes control, insulin intake, obesity (higher BMI) and higher age of the participant has a role to play in the development of FSD as per this study. The ability to diagnose and treat FSD in unsuspecting diabetics will result in long term improvement in quality of life

Associations between serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D concentration and body composition of college male rugby players / 体力科学

This study aimed to clarify the relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration body composition by examining male university rugby players in a cross-sectional manner. The subjects were 36 male rugby players (mean age: 20.2 years) who provided us with data regarding their body composition, blood biochemistry examination, and dietary intake frequency. Examination of their serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D 【25 (OH) D】 showed that 58% (21/36 subjects) and 42% (15/36 subjects) had sufficient and insufficient intake of vitamin D, respectively. In comparison of serum 25 (OH) D concentrations between players in individual positions, it was suggested that the concentrations were significantly lower in the forward (FW) players compared with the backs (BK) players (p<0.01). The number of FW players with lipid abnormality was significantly higher than that of BK players (p<0.01). Serum 25 (OH) D concentrations showed negative correlations with weight, Body Mass Index (BMI), total body fat amount, and lean body weight. Multiple linear regression analysis suggested that serum 25 (OH) D concentration would be affected by BMI. The average serum 25 (OH) D concentration among obese class II – IV players was 27.8 ng/mL, which was significantly lower than that of players with a normal weight or obese class I (34.2 ng/mL, p<0.01, 33.1 ng/mL, p<0.01). These findings suggest that vitamin D intake among obese class II – IV players was not sufficient, despite the fact that their intake of vitamin D was 14.1 µg, which was much higher than the adequate intake level. In the future, further studies should clarify how increased intake of vitamin D could improve physical characteristics.

Effect of overweight / obesity on serum immunoglobulin and IGF-1 levels in children with recurrent respiratory tract infection / 公共卫生与预防医学

Objective To explore the effect of overweight / obesity on the levels of serum immunoglobulin and IGF-1 in children with recurrent respiratory tract infection and its clinical preventive value. Methods In the study, 126 children with recurrent respiratory tract infection admitted to our hospital from January 2019 to June 2021 were included in the analysis, and the BMI standard levels of different age groups were compared to distinguish the children's body types, and then compared with the overweight/obese patients. The information of serum IGF-1 and immunoglobulin levels in infants, obese patients and normal children were analyzed and discussed, and the factors of body type, the expression of serum IGF-1 and immunoglobulin (IgG, IgA, IgM) and the relationship between repeated respiratory tract infection in children were analyzed and discussed. The association between occurrence and disease in order to guide prevention and clinical work. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 19.0. Results The average age of 126 children with recurrent respiratory tract infection was (5.24±2.09) years old, including 71 male children and 55 female children, 79 mild children and 47 severe children. According to the BMI standard level of age group, 39 overweight and obese children were detected in this study, 16 were thin children, and the remaining 71 children were normal. The expression levels of IGF-1 and IgG, IgA, and IgM were the lowest among the children with different disease states (P<0.05). The expression of -1, IgG, IgA, and IgM was positively correlated with the children's height, weight and BMI (all P<0.05). Conclusion The decreased expression of IGF-1, IgG, IgA and IgM was associated with the aggravation of recurrent respiratory tract infection, especially in emaciated children. It may be associated with low expression of IGF-1 and poor growth and development, low expression of IgG, IgA and IgM and poor immune level. It can actively prevent recurrent respiratory tract infection, especially severe syndrome recurrent respiratory tract infection, in children with high-risk body type, low growth and development level and immune status.

Predictive effect of different obesity indexes on hypertension in adult residents of Anlu City, Hubei Province / 公共卫生与预防医学

Objective To investigate the predictive value of body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist to height ratio (WHtR) and visceral obesity index (VAI) in the prevalence of hypertension in adult residents of Anlu City.  Methods A multi-stage stratified random sampling method was used to investigate adult residents in Anlu. T test, χ2 test, Pearson correlation analysis and logistic regression model were used to analyze relationship between the obesity indicators and the prevalence of hypertension. The receiver operating curve (ROC) was used to analyze the predictive power of different obesity indexes for the prevalence of hypertension.  Results A total of 2 518 subjects were included in this study, including 705 patients with hypertension, with a prevalence rate of 28.00%. Occupation, marital status, educational level, abnormal blood glucose, dyslipidemia and obesity were the risk factors of hypertension. The correlation coefficients of BMI, WC, WHtR and VAI with systolic blood pressure were 0.32, 0.30, 0.34 and 0.10, respectively, and with diastolic blood pressure were 0.27, 0.26, 0.29 and 0.08, respectively. Logistic regression analysis showed that overweight OR=1.79 (CI: 1.43 - 2.25), obesity 2.94 (CI: 2.04 - 4.24), waist circumference OR=1.86 (CI: 1.43-2.40), waist height ratio OR=2.52 (CI: 1.97-3.20) and higher VAI OR=1.08 (CI: 1.02-1.15) were associated with a higher risk than those with normal weight. The AUCs of the four obesity indicators for predicting the prevalence of hypertension were WHtR (0.74) >BMI (0.70) >WC (0.69) >VAI (0.56), and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.001). Conclusion BMI, WC, WHtR and VAI are positively correlated with hypertension, and WHtR has a higher predictive value for hypertension.

Fatores preditivos no tratamento da PseudoAcantose Nigricans por Laser de Dióxido de Carbono Fracionado e Peeling de Ácido Glicólico / Predictive factors in the treatment of Pseudo-Acanthosis Nigricans by Fractional Carbon Dioxide Laser and Glycolic Acid Peel

Introdução: Acantose nigricans é uma doença dermatológica comum caracterizada por lesões cutâneas aveludadas hiperpigmentadas e hiperceratóticas. Pode ser uma manifestação de doença sistêmica. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os fatores preditivos clínicos e laboratoriais no tratamento da pseudo-acantose nigricans. Pacientes e métodos: Vinte pacientes com pseudoacantose nigricans foram incluídos neste estudo, escolhidos no ambulatório. Todos os casos foram submetidos a laser de CO2 fracionado no lado direito do pescoço e peeling de ácido glicólico 70% no lado esquerdo do pescoço. Cada paciente foi acompanhado por três meses e meio. Resultados: Houve melhora geral no índice de área, gravidade e textura no pescoço dos casos com pseudo-acantose nigricans quando tratados com laser de CO2 fracionado ou peeling de ácido glicólico. Conclusão: Não houve significância estatística ao comparar o efeito do laser ou peeling em diferentes faixas etárias e casos de obesidade ou sobrepeso.

Background: Acanthosis nigricans is a common dermatological disorder characterized by hyperpigmented and hyperkeratotic velvety skin lesions. It can be a manifestation of systemic disease. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the clinical and laboratory predictive factors in the treatment of pseudo-acanthosis nigricans. Patients and methods: This study included 20 patients with pseudo-acanthosis nigricans from the outpatient clinic. All cases were subjected to fractional CO2 laser on the right side of the neck and glycolic acid peel 70% on the left side of the neck. Each patient was followed up for three and half months. Results: There was an overall improvement in area index, severity, and texture in the neck of cases with pseudo-acanthosis nigricans treated with fractional CO2 laser or Glycolic acid peel. Conclusion: There was no statistical significance when comparing the effect of laser or peeling on different age groups and obese or overweight cases.

Relación de IMC con marcadores de inflamación y hemoglobina glicosilada en niños y jóvenes con diabetes mellitus 1 / Relationship of BMI with markers of inflammation and glycosylated hemoglobin in children and young adults with diabetes mellitus 1

La diabetes mellitus tipo 1 (DM1) es una enfermedad autoinmune que genera dependencia exógena de insulina de forma permanente, presenta inflamación subclínica crónica lo que conlleva a una elevación de marcadores de inflamación como factor de necrosis tumoral alfa (TNF-α), proteína C reactiva (PCR) e interleuquina 6 (IL-6). OBJETIVO: determinar la relación entre el IMC sobre los marcadores de inflamación y el control metabólico en niños y jóvenes con DM1 entre 5 a 15 años de edad. METODOLOGÍA: Se realizó un estudio clínico, observacional, exploratorio. A partir de La recolección de datos de fichas clínicas y muestras de sangre en el Instituto de Investigaciones Materno Infantil (IDIMI) del Hospital San Borja Arriarán de la Universidad de Chile. Clasificación del estado nutricional utilizando datos registrados en ficha clínica. Marcadores de inflamación por medio de ELISA, hemoglobina glicosilada mediante métodos estándares. El análisis estadístico incluyó correlaciones mediante test de Spearman y diferencia de medias mediante test de Kruskal-Wallis seguido de post hoc Dunns. RESULTADOS: Un 30% de los pacientes con DM1 presentaron malnutrición por exceso. Al analizar la relación entre los niveles de marcadores inflamatorios y Hb glicosilada se observó la existencia de asociacion positiva entre usPCR y HbA1c (r= 0,30; p=0,0352) y entre IL-6 y HbA1c (r= - 0,038; p=0,0352). CONCLUSIONES: este estudio describe una posible asociación entre parámetros clásicos de inflamación con la hemoglobina glicosilada en las categorias de sobrepeso y obesidad en pacientes con DM1.

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) is an autoimmune disease that generates permanent exogenous insulin dependence, accompanied by chronic subclinical inflammation that leads to an elevation of inflammation markers such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). OBJECTIVE: To determine the relationship between BMI on markers of inflammation and metabolic control in children and young people with T1D between 5 and 15 years of age. METHODOLOGY: A clinical, observational and exploratory study was carried out, based on the collection of data from clinical records and blood samples of children and adolescents with DM1 at the Instituto de Investigaciones Materno Infantil (IDIMI) of the Hospital San Borja Arriarán of the Universidad de Chile. Nutritional status, levels of inflammation markers and glycosylated hemoglobin were determined by standardized methods. Statistical analysis included correlations by Spearman test and mean difference by Kruskal-Wallis test followed by post hoc Dunns test. RESULTS: A total of 56 patients with T1D were analyzed, 30% of whom presented excess malnutrition. Those children or adolescents with obesity presented significantly higher usPCR levels compared to underweight patients or patients at risk of malnutrition (p=0.039). In addition, HbA1c levels were determined which were negatively associated with usPCR (r= 0.30; p=0.0352) and IL-6 (r= - 0.038; p=0.0352) levels. CONCLUSIONS: This study points out that nutritional status is associated with usPCR levels, in agreement with what is described in the literature and shows a possible association between classical parameters of inflammation with glycosylated hemoglobin in children and adolescents with nutritional diagnosis of overweight or obesity.

Factores relacionados al estado nutricional y actividad en estudiantes universitarios de Santiago / Factors related to nutritional status and physical activity in university students from Santiago

Introducción: La actividad física y el estado nutricional son dos componentes fundamentales en el estilo de vida de las personas. Los jóvenes universitarios, al encontrarse expuestos a distintos entornos, son vulnerables a adquirir ciertos hábitos y actitudes que pueden llegar a perjudicar su salud. En República Dominicana se carecen de estos datos, dándole importancia a este estudio, investigando sobre dichos factores modificables. Objetivos: Determinar los factores relacionados al estado nutricional y actividad física en estudiantes universitarios de la provincia Santiago de los Caballeros en el período de mayo-julio 2022. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de tipo corte transversal utilizando fuentes primarias en el periodo 2021-2022 en Santiago, a través de un cuestionario con 33 preguntas, aplicado previo a consentimiento informado, en una muestra de 201 estudiantes seleccionados por un muestreo no probabilístico, de tipo bola de nieve en una población desconocida. Resultados: La mayoría de la población encuestada era de sexo femenino (67.2%), el estado nutricional predominante era aquel con un IMC normal (36.8%), la mayor parte de los universitarios eran inactivos físicamente (41.8%), y los hábitos alimenticios de los mismos eran parcialmente inadecuados (57.2%). Conclusión: La relación entre los factores sociodemográficos y académicos con la actividad física y el estado nutricional no fue estadísticamente significativa. Sin embargo, se evidenció una relación significativa entre la actividad física inactiva y los hábitos alimenticios parcialmente inadecuados de los participantes.

Introduction: Physical activity and nutritional status are two fundamental components of a person's lifestyle. Young university students, being exposed to different environments, are vulnerable to acquiring certain habits and attitudes that may be detrimental to their health. In the Dominican Republic these data are deficient, giving importance to this study, investigating these modifiable factors. Objectives: To determine the factors related to the nu-tritional status and physical activity in university stu-dents of the Santiago de los Caballeros province in the period of May-July 2022. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was ca-rried out using primary sources in the period 2021-2022 in Santiago, using a questionnaire with 33 questions, applied prior to informed consent, in a sample of 201 students selected by a non-probabilistic sampling of snowball type in an unknown population. Results: The majority of the population surveyed was female (67.2%), the predominant nutritional status was normal BMI (36.8%), most of the university students were physically inactive (41.8%), and their eating ha-bits were partially inadequate (57.2%). Conclusion: The relationship between sociodemogra-phic and academic factors with physical activity and nu-tritional status was not statistically significant. Howe-ver, a significant relationship was evidenced between inactive physical activity and partially inadequate eating habits of the participants.

Desenlaces obstétricos y perinatales en embarazadas con obesidad. Estudio de prevalencia / Obstetric and perinatal results in pregnant women with obesity. Prevalence study

Resumen OBJETIVO: Evaluar la prevalencia de obesidad en el área de influencia del Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor y analizar los desenlaces obstétricos y perinatales de embarazadas obesas. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio observacional, transversal y retrospectivo efectuado con base en los datos de partos atendidos en el año 2019 en el Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor y asentados en las historias clínicas. Se evaluaron y determinaron la prevalencia de obesidad, las variables maternas y el desenlace perinatal en embarazadas con obesidad. RESULTADOS: Se analizaron 428 embarazadas, con obesidad, de 2048 partos atendidos. La prevalencia de obesidad fue 21.59%. La edad materna fue 32 años y 39.10% eran migrantes; el índice de masa corporal (IMC) medio fue 33.61 kg/m2; 33.18% eran primíparas; 14.12% recibieron algún tratamiento y 18.63% seguimiento endocrinológico. Las semanas de embarazo al parto fueron 39; 43.93% de los partos se indujeron. La tasa de cesáreas fue 26.17% y en el 51.45% hubo complicaciones. El peso medio de los recién nacidos fue 3345.9 g. La mediana del Apgar al primer minuto fue 9 y 10 a los 5. El 16.24% de los recién nacidos tuvo pH en sangre de cordón ≤ 7.20; 1.96% de los recién nacidos ingresó a cuidados intensivos y 0.93% fue la tasa de muerte fetal. CONCLUSIONES: La prevalencia de obesidad fue superior a la media nacional. Factores como la migración y la multiparidad se asociaron con mayor IMC, y éste con más complicaciones (ingreso a cuidados intensivos y muerte fetal anteparto). La obesidad se asoció con mayor tasa de inducción de parto, cesáreas, desgarros perineales, peso fetal y menor pH al nacimiento.

Abstract OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prevalence of obesity in the healthcare area of Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor and analyze the obstetric and perinatal outcomes of obese patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a retrospective transversal observational study based on data from births in Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor during 2019. 2048 clinical records were evaluated in order to determine prevalence of obesity, as well as maternal and perinatal outcomes variables in pregnant women with obesity. RESULTS: A total of 428 pregnant women with obesity were analyzed out of 2048 deliveries attended. The prevalence of obesity was 21.59%. Maternal age was 32 years; 39.10% of the patients were migrants; the mean BMI was 33.61 kg/m2; 33.18% were primiparous; 14.2% received any pharmacological treatment and 18.63% had endocrinological follow-up. Gestational age at labour was 39 weeks; 43.93% of deliveries were induced; caesarean delivery rate was 26.17% and 51.45% presented complications. Newborn's mean weight was 3345.9 g. The 1-minute Apgar score median was 9 and the 5-minute Apgar score was 10; 16.24% of newborns had cord pH≤7.20; 1.96% ICU admission and 0.93% of fetal death. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of obesity in pregnant women in the Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor healthcare area was higher than the national mean. Factors such as migration and multiparity are associated with higher BMI, which leads to an increased risk of complications, especially ICU admission and antepartum fetal death. Obesity is associated with a higher rate of labour induction, caesarean delivery, tears, higher neonatal weight and lower pH.

Helicobacter pylori and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Is there a relationship?

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is distinguished by liver injury due to metabolic stress, identified by diffuse hepatocyte macrovascular fatty lesions [1]. The prevalence of NAFLD is rising yearly, with a worldwide incidence rate between 20% and 30% [2]. Complex hereditary variables, improper lipid metabolism, and insulin resistance are the key characteristics of the etiology of NAFLD [3]. The research has revealed that aberrant lipid metabolism in the liver can result in dysbacteriosis in the intestinal flora; abnormality of the flora eventually encourages lipid deposition in the liver. Additionally, there is mounting proof that NALFD is linked to abnormalities in the gut flora, particularly Helicobacter pylori (H, pylori) [4]. Gram-negative bacillus, termed H pylori, has colonized the deep layers of the gastric mucosa. [5]. The global infection rate for H pylori is about 50% or higher [6]. According to research, H pylori causes gastric cancer, gastrointestinal lymphoma, peptic ulcers, and chronic gastritis [7]. Additionally, some researchers indicate a connection between H pylori and liver cancers, diabetes, and improper lipid metabolism [8]. Some studies have discovered that infection by H pylori is one of the elements for NAFLD to progress and that getting rid of H pylori can partially stop the evolution of NAFLD [9].

The effect of overweight or obesity on the negative conversion time of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid / 中国热带医学

@#Abstract: Objective　To investigate the relationship between the body mass index (BMI) levels and the negative conversion time of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) nucleic acid in adult coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients and the asymptomatic persons. Methods　Asymptomatic infected patients and confirmed COVID-19 patients admitted to Chengdu Public Health Clinic Center from February 2021 to November 2021 were dynamically included. The epidemiological and clinical characteristics of the objects were collected, and the SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid testing of the objects during their hospitalization was continuously monitored, and the negative nucleic acid conversion time was recorded. The t test or Wilcoxon rank sum test, χ2 test or Fisher's exact probability method examine were used to distribute characteristics of each group of variables and the connection between different variables, respectively. Then the variables showed differences in distribution (P<0.05) between different BMI groups were included in the multivariate Cox proportional risk regression model. Results　A total of 253 subjects ranged from 18 to 63 years old, with M(P25, P75) age of 37.0 (30.0, 47.0) years old, were included in this study. The male to female ratio was 4.16 to 1. The BMI was (23.97±3.33) kg/m2. 50.59% (128/253) of the objects were overweight or obese, and 78.13% (100/128) were overweight. The negative time of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid conversion of all subjects ranged from 1 to 71 days, with M(P25, P75) of 7.0 (2.0, 18.0) days (P<0.001). The negative time of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid conversion of the normal weight or the thin, and the overweight or obese were 5.00 (2.00, 19.00) and 8.00 (2.00, 17.75) days respectively. The results of multivariate Cox's proportional hazards regression model showed that the BMI levels may not be associated with the negative conversion time of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid (HR=1.090, 95%CI: 0.843-1.410, P=0.510). Conclusions　Adult asymptomatic persons and confirmed COVID-19 patients are mainly middle-aged and young males, and overweight or obesity is relatively common. Overweight or obesity cannot be considered as an independent factor influencing the negative conversion time of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid.

Measurement of environmental sensitivity in adolescents: Chinese version of the Highly Sensitive Child Scale and its moderation role / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

【Objective】 To revise the Highly Sensitive Child (HSC) Scale for Chinese Adolescents and investigate the role of adolescents’ sensitivity to environmental influences. 【Methods】 The HSC Scale was translated into Chinese. A total of 2166 adolescents in Xi’an were selected for exploratory factor, confirmatory factor analyses and reliability analysis. The participants were 609 healthy adolescents and 105 depressive adolescents aged 14-17 years, who were evaluated with the HSC scale and PHQ-9 scale as well as sleep duration and academic achievement questions. 【Results】 First, the factor structure (CFI=0.989, GFI=0.977, AGFI=0.958, TLI=0.983, RMSEA=0.042, RMR=0.050) indicated that HSC scale was a reliable measure of environmental sensitivity. The results supported a bifactor model with a general sensitivity factor and three group factors. Second, the Cronbach α was 0.892, and the test-retest reliability coefficient was 0.743. Third, depressive adolescents had a significantly higher HSC score, compared with the healthy ones (F=15.1, P<0.01). Fourth, the relationship between BMI and adolescent adjustment was moderated by environmental sensitivity. Simple slope analysis showed that when the level of environmental sensitivity was higher, weight gain could predict adolescents’ emotional, sleep and academic problems. 【Conclusion】 The Chinese version of HSC has good psychometric characteristics and may be applied in Chinese adolescents. Environmental sensitivity may be a personality factor that influences depressive symptoms in adolescents.

Access to and use of health information technology among obese and non-obese Americans: Analysis of the Health Information National Trends Survey data

@#Introduction: Health information technology (HIT) is essential in the prevention, management, and treatment of obesity due to the medical data and information available to health care providers and patients. However, exploration of HIT access and use among obese individuals remains limited. Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare access to and use of HIT among obese and non-obese Americans. Methods: We considered cross-sectional secondary data from 3,865 United States adults that were collected through the Health Information National Trends Survey in 2020. Contingency tables were performed stratifying between men and women to assess whether they differed according to body mass index (BMI) levels with respect to HIT categories. Results: Elevated BMI in women was associated with the use of a computer, smartphone, or other electronic device to e-mail or use the Internet to communicate with a doctor or a doctor’s office. In addition, elevated BMI in both genders was associated with sharing information from a smartphone/electronic device with a health professional. Finally, the use of an electronic device to monitor or track health or activity was found to be more prevalent among women with elevated BMI compared to those with normal BMI. Conclusion: Future studies should expand research in terms of interventions linked to health information technology in adults with obesity by considering the gender factor. Moreover, the expansion of research into electronic health (eHealth) interventions is particularly important because it would favour the prevention, management, control, and treatment of obesity.

Associations between body mass index and physical activity level with mindful eating behaviour among undergraduate medical students of Universiti Sains Malaysia

@#Introduction: Mindful eating is being fully present in the moment of eating and it is critical in preventing poor eating habits. The main objective for this study was to determine the associations of body mass index (BMI) and physical activity level with mindful eating behaviour among undergraduate medical students of Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 158 students (Years 1-5; 69% females and 31% males) by using a self-administered online questionnaire consisting of socio-demographic data, anthropometric data, short version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), and Mindful Eating Questionnaire (MEQ). The associations between BMI and physical activity with MEQ were determined by Spearman’s Correlation and One-Way ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis Test, respectively. Results: Majority of the students had normal BMI (66.4%, n=105), and 39.9% (n=63) had low physical activity levels. The mean MEQ summary score of the students was considered high (2.82±0.26). There was a significant negative association between MEQ summary score (r=-0.191; p=0.016) and disinhibition subscale score (r=-0.340; p<0.001) with BMI, whereby MEQ summary and disinhibition subscale scores increased as BMI decreased. However, there was no significant association between physical activity level with MEQ score (p>0.05). Conclusion: A student with positive mindful eating behaviour has the potential to lower his/her BMI. However, further research is required to verify this finding.